Acknowledgments
PharaLex is built entirely on the shoulders of open scholarship. Every glyph shape, every meaning, every transliteration comes from the generous work of researchers, linguists, type designers, and open-data contributors listed here. This page is our thanks.
Glyph Visual Sources
8,254 SVG glyphs drawn from four open-source collections
JSesh
Custom font licenseby Serge Jean Paul Thomas & Serge Rosmorduc
Gardiner A–Z + Aa + extended variants
Cloned from GitHub; SVGs live in jseshGlyphs/src/main/resources/jseshGlyphs/. Glyphs by S.J.P. Thomas may be used freely in publications, databases, and websites. The few signs by Rosmorduc are OFL-1.1.
NewGardiner (hierojax)
GPL-3.0by Mark-Jan Nederhof
Unicode 16.0 Extended-A block (U+13460–U+143FF)
Extracted per-glyph SVGs from NewGardiner.ttf using fontTools + SVGPathPen
Aegyptus 6.17
Freeware (non-commercial)by George Douros
Extended Hieroglyphica codes not in JSesh
Downloaded last free release (6.17) from dn-works.com; extracted SVGs from TTF using opentypesvg
Noto Sans Egyptian Hieroglyphs
OFL-1.1by Google Fonts / Noto Project
Rare basic-block codepoints (U+13000–U+1342F) not in JSesh
Downloaded NotoSansEgyptianHieroglyphs-Regular.ttf; extracted SVGs using opentypesvg
Note: All SVGs use fill="currentColor" so they adapt to PharaLex's light and dark themes. Font-based sources (NewGardiner, Aegyptus, Noto) were converted to SVG paths using fontTools and opentypesvg.
Dictionary & Metadata
Seven datasets merged into a single unified glyph index
by Wiktionary contributors (via kaikki.org)
Meanings, transliterations, etymology, usage examples
by The Unicode Consortium
Gardiner/Hieroglyphica codes, Unicode codepoints, phonetic values, descriptions, categories, cross-references
by Serge Rosmorduc
Shape/visual tags, additional phonetic transliterations with use/type metadata, composite part relationships
by Mark-Jan Nederhof, University of St Andrews
English physical descriptions, semantic uses (logogram/phonogram/determinative) with transliterations and translations
by Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae (Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences)
Attested text examples: hieroglyphs + transliteration + German translation + date range, Old/Middle Egyptian (~3000–1550 BCE)
by Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae (Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences)
Same as above for Late Egyptian period (~1550–700 BCE)
by George Douros
Additional Hieroglyphica sign codes (extended corpus beyond Unikemet)
License Reference
Full text of every license used
Built With Open Source
The frameworks and tools powering this site
React framework (App Router, SSG/SSR)
UI component model
Utility-first styling (v4)
Virtualized list rendering for 8,000+ glyphs
Fuzzy full-text search
Parsing JSesh & St Andrews XML data
SVG path extraction from TTF fonts
Display typeface (headings)
Body typeface